Glossary (NKR – Raffi)
NKR
The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. The NKR was proclaimed an independent state following the referendum held on December 10, 1991. The territory of the NKR includes the former Nagorno-Karabakh autonomous region and the Shahumian region of the former Azerbaijan Soviet Republic. The capital city of the NKR is Stepanakert.
Nor Getik
Monastery of Nor Getik
(Goshavank) Monastery located in Dilijan, in historical Siunik province. Founded by Mkhitar Gosh in the late 12th century, the school of Nor-Getik gave a number of illustrious scholars, such as Vanakan, Kirakos Gandzaketsi, Vardan the Great, and Gregory Aknertsi.
Orbeli, Joseph
Joseph Orbeli
(1887-1961) Prominent Armenian scholar, first President of Academy of Science of Armenian SSR. He was director of Hermitage Museum in Leningrad in 1934-1951.
Orbeli, Levon
Levon Orbeli
(1882-1958) Armenian scholar, member of Academy of Science of USSR and Armenian SSR. He became director of Institute of Physiology in 1950.
Oshin I
King of Cilician Armenian Kingdom (1308-1320). Fearing the Mongol and Mameluke invasions, he sought the support of Philip V, King of France and John XXII, Pope of Rome.
Ostikan (Vostikan)
In the period of the Arabs invasion: a governor appointed by Caliph.
Outik
(Outi) historical province of the Greater Armenia, one of 15 ashkars or worlds. Outik consisted of 9 cantons: Aranrot, Tori, Rotpatsian, Aghove, Tochkatak, Gardeman, Shekashen, Outi Aranszak and Tavush.
Patkanian, Rafael
Rafael Patkanian
(1830-1892) Armenian patriotic poet, native of Nakhichevan. He created his poems under the pen name of Gamar Katiba. His most famous work is Tears of Arax.
Paytakaran
Historical province of the Greater Armenia, one of 15 ashkars or worlds. Paytakaran consisted of 14 cantons: Herakot, Peroj, Vardanakert, Yotenporakyan Baguink, Krekyan, Vovtibagha, Kaghanost, Buros, Pitchanhani, Atli, Bagavan, Spandaraperoj, Vormizdeperoj and Alavan.
Papes (Pap)
King of Armenia (381-384). After the imprisonment of his father Arshak II in the Castle of Oblivion in Persia, Papes traveled to the Roman Emperor Theodosius the Great who recognized him ruler of Armenia. Papes then returned to Armenia in the head of the Roman troops to fight against Persians and the revolted Armenian lords. Armenian historians describe Papes as a vicious tyrant with evil propensities. Publicly reprimanded by clergy, he allegedly poisoned the popular Patriarch Nerses the Great in 373. However, Ammianus Marcellinus, contemporary of King Papes, gives the opposite description of Papes: Papes was a man of great wisdom and valor… The fact remains that the Armenian clergy hated Papes for the confiscation of their lands and abolishment of some of the church tax collections. He was assassinated in 384 by order of Theodosius the Great.
Parajanov, Sergei
Sergei Paradjanov(1924-1990) Outstanding Armenian Georgian film director, script writer and artist, native of Tiflis, Georgia. His masterpieces are Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors (1964), Sayat Nova (1969), also known as Color of Pommegranate, Legend of Suram Forteress (1984) and Ashik Kerib (1988).
Persian Armenia
(Parskahaik) Historical province of the Greater Armenia, one of 15 ahkhars (worlds). The Persian Armenia consisted of 9 cantons: Ayli, Mari, Terabi, Arisi, Erna, Tamber, Zarehavan, Zarevand and Her.
Peshiktashlian, Mkrtich
Mkrtich Peshiktashlian(1828-1868) Armenian poet, native of Ortagiugh, near Constantinople. Great patriot, he was one of the founders of the National Association in 1846, and the Armenian National Theatre in Constantinople in 1856.
Pirumian, Daniel
(Pirumov) (1861-1921), colonel of the Russian Army, commander-in-chief of the Armenian troops in a battle of Sardarapat.
Portugalian, Mkrtich
Mkrtich Portugalian
(1848-1921) Armenian teacher, journalist and political thinker. He founded the newspaper Armenia in Marseilles, France. In 1885, inspired from his political teaching, a group of his students founded the first Armenian political party, the Armenakan Party that later became Ramkavar.
Raffi
Raffi(1835-1888) Hakop Melik-Hakopian, influential Armenian novelist, author of patriotic historical novels, such as The Madman(1881), Samvel (1886), Sparks(1887), and others.
